Blessed Pope Pius IX (†1878), the head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878 notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner of the Vatican". In his 1849 encyclical Ubi primum, he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1854, he promulgated the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, articulating a long-held Catholic belief that Mary, the Mother of God, was conceived without original sin. His 1864 Syllabus of Errors was a strong condemnation of liberalism, modernism, moral relativism, secularization, separation of church and state, and other Enlightenment ideas. Pius definitively reaffirmed Catholic teaching in favor of establishing the Catholic faith as the state religion where possible. His appeal for financial support resulted in the successful revival of donations known as Peter's Pence. His chief legacy is the dogma of papal infallibility. Pope John Paul II declared Pius IX to be Venerable on 6 July 1985 upon confirming his life of heroic virtue and beatified him on 3 September 2000. His Feast Day is celebrated on 7 February, the date of his death.